Lifestyle is a behavioural and socio-cultural determinant of health. It is not a socio-economic determinant.
Socio-economic determinants of health are the following:
Economic status (per capita GNP)
Education
Occupation
Political system

Increasing the utilization of health services is not a component of socialized medicine.
It refers to the provision of medical service through the state funds; however, it is operated and regulated by professional groups. Russia was the first to completely socialize medicine.
It eliminates competition among physicians as well as ensures social equity and universal health coverage.

Kit 1/Grey kit is recommended for the syndromic management of patients presenting with anorectal discharge.

Mass media is a method of communication for health education.
Approaches to health education include service approach, regulatory approach and health education approach.

The Ujjawala Scheme is for the prevention of trafficking and for the rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration of victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.
The Ujjwala Yojana (note spelling without “a”) is for providing 5 crores of free cooking LPG connections to all families below the poverty line till 2019.
The Ujala Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs and Appliances for All) is the largest domestic lighting project in the world, launched under the Ministry of Power. It aims at promoting the use of energy-efficient LED bulbs in every household in the country.

The third stage in the Motivation model of health education, following awareness and motivation, is action.
In the process of adopting new ideas or behaviours, individuals progress through distinct stages. The first stage, awareness, involves gaining general information about health needs and issues, which serves as the foundation for further exploration. Without awareness, individuals may not recognize the importance of Making changes to their health behaviours.

Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines

Disability adjusted life years (DALY) is the best measure of the overall burden of a disease in a defined population. It is also the best measure of the effectiveness of interventions.
DALY is calculated as – Years of lost life prematurely (YLL) + Years lost to disability (YLD). It can measure both mortality and disability together.
As DALY is affected by premature loss of life, conditions that affect younger individuals like road traffic accidents have a high DALY. In comparison to this, Alzheimer’s disease has a lower DALY as it is a disease that mostly develops during old age and so has a lower YLL.

Passive immunization is not given in cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure. At present, there is no role for post- exposure prophylaxis with antivirals or immune globulin. The only method of preventing maternal CMV infection is by limiting exposure to the virus by maintaining good hand hygiene.
Passive immunization is a short-term measure useful only when exposure to infection has just occurred or is likely to occur within the next few days. The duration of immunity is short and variable (1-6 weeks).

Injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is introduced under the Antara program.
The dosage is 150 mg I.M every 3 months. This injectable contraceptive is not to be refrigerated. It is to be stored always at room temperature (15-30 degree centigrade).