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#1. All of the following are approaches to health education except:
Mass media is a method of communication for health education.
Approaches to health education include service approach, regulatory approach and health education approach.
#2. Which of the following disability indicators is the best measure of the overall burden of COVID on a given population?
Disability adjusted life years (DALY) is the best measure of the overall burden of a disease in a defined population. It is also the best measure of the effectiveness of interventions.
DALY is calculated as – Years of lost life prematurely (YLL) + Years lost to disability (YLD). It can measure both mortality and disability together.
As DALY is affected by premature loss of life, conditions that affect younger individuals like road traffic accidents have a high DALY. In comparison to this, Alzheimer’s disease has a lower DALY as it is a disease that mostly develops during old age and so has a lower YLL.
#3. One community health center (CHC) covers a population of_______.
Each community (CHC) covers a population of 80,000 to 1,20,000 and has a minimum of 30 beds.
Services of CHC:
Care of routine and emergency cases in medicine and surgery
Maternal, newborn, and child health
Family planning
All the National Health Programme functions
Oral health
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR)
School and adolescent health services
Blood storage facility
Diagnostic services
Referral services
Maternal death review (MDR)
#4. A 28-year-old woman comes to the primary health center to avail of a contraceptive provided under a new government program. She does not want to take daily pills. She was started on the contraceptive shown in the image below. Which of the following drugs is used in this?
Injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is introduced under the Antara program.
The dosage is 150 mg I.M every 3 months. This injectable contraceptive is not to be refrigerated. It is to be stored always at room temperature (15-30 degree centigrade).
#5. Which of the following is false about pyrethrum?
Pyrethrum does not have a residual action like DDT or other synthetic insecticides. So, most space sprays contain pyrethrum and DDT for synergistic action.
Pyrethrum is a natural insecticide of vegetable origin. It is extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariafolium. It kills adult mosquitoes and other insects instantly on mere contact.
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#6. Pick the correct statement regarding the Sanchol cholera vaccine:
The Sanchol cholera vaccine is a bivalent vaccine given in 2 liquid doses orally to children >=1 year of age.
The Sanchol cholera vaccine is a bivalent oral cholera vaccine (OCV) that targets both Vibrio cholerae 01 and Vibrio cholerae 0139 serogroups, which are the primary causes of cholera outbreaks. It is designed to provide immunity by stimulating the production of antibodies in the intestines, the site of infection.
#7. Which of the following is the objective of the Ujjawala Scheme?
The Ujjawala Scheme is for the prevention of trafficking and for the rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration of victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.
The Ujjwala Yojana (note spelling without “a”) is for providing 5 crores of free cooking LPG connections to all families below the poverty line till 2019.
The Ujala Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs and Appliances for All) is the largest domestic lighting project in the world, launched under the Ministry of Power. It aims at promoting the use of energy-efficient LED bulbs in every household in the country.
#8. The image shown corresponds to which health program and disease?
The given image is of SAPANA for leprosy. Sapana refers to a local school-going girl who will help to spread awareness in the community.
#9. Which of the following color-coded kits is recommended for the syndromic management of patients with anorectal discharge in sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Kit 1/Grey kit is recommended for the syndromic management of patients presenting with anorectal discharge.
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#10. Which of the following establishments is covered by the Employees’ State Insurance Act?
Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines
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Levels of Prevention
Preventive medicine focuses on the three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention aims to reduce disease occurrence by promoting health (e.g., vaccinations, lifestyle modifications). Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, such as screenings for hypertension or diabetes. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and reducing the impact of established diseases, such as physiotherapy for stroke recovery. These strategies are the backbone of disease control and public health improvement.
Social Determinants of Health
Health is influenced by social determinants, including income, education, housing, and access to healthcare. These factors shape individual and community well-being. Addressing inequalities and improving these determinants can significantly enhance population health. For instance, ensuring clean water, sanitation, and proper nutrition reduces communicable diseases and improves life expectancy. Recognizing and mitigating these influences is crucial in preventive and social medicine.
