Correct Answer – Comprehensiveness
Comprehensive health care as stated by the Bhore committee means giving integrated preventive, curative, and promotional health care to every individual, irrespective of their ability to pay.

The correct sequence of the phases of the demographic cycle is High stationary Early expanding → Late expanding → Low stationary → Declining.
India is currently in the “late expanding” stage which is the third stage in the demographic cycle where
Declining death rates and declining birth rates are seen.
Another important concept of the demographic cycle is the demographic gap which is the difference between birth rate and death rate. The demographic gap is maximum in the early-expanding phase, characterized by a high birth rate and low death rate. As the demography of the country transitions to the late-expanding phase, both birth rate and death rate falls causing a decreasing demographic gap. Although the birth rate is falling in the late-expanding phase, it is still higher than the death rate, which causes the population to increase.

Trained birth attendants or dais provide medical services during delivery and in the post-partum period. They cater to a population of 1000 in villages.
Antenatal support is provided by the following:
Health workers (male and female) – 1 per 5000 in plains and 1 per 3000 in hilly or remote areas.
• Health assistants (male and female) – 1 per 30,000 in plains and 1 per 20, 000 in remote or hilly areas. Anganwadi workers – 1 per 400-800 in plains and 1 per 300-800 in hilly or remote areas.

Disability adjusted life years (DALY) is the best measure of the overall burden of a disease in a defined population. It is also the best measure of the effectiveness of interventions.
DALY is calculated as – Years of lost life prematurely (YLL) + Years lost to disability (YLD). It can measure both mortality and disability together.
As DALY is affected by premature loss of life, conditions that affect younger individuals like road traffic accidents have a high DALY. In comparison to this, Alzheimer’s disease has a lower DALY as it is a disease that mostly develops during old age and so has a lower YLL.

Increasing the utilization of health services is not a component of socialized medicine.
It refers to the provision of medical service through the state funds; however, it is operated and regulated by professional groups. Russia was the first to completely socialize medicine.
It eliminates competition among physicians as well as ensures social equity and universal health coverage.

The time interval between the receipt of infection by a host and the maximal infectivity of that host is known as the generation time.
The time of maximum communicability may precede or follow the incubation period.

Mass media is a method of communication for health education.
Approaches to health education include service approach, regulatory approach and health education approach.

Lifestyle is a behavioural and socio-cultural determinant of health. It is not a socio-economic determinant.
Socio-economic determinants of health are the following:
Economic status (per capita GNP)
Education
Occupation
Political system

Each community (CHC) covers a population of 80,000 to 1,20,000 and has a minimum of 30 beds.
Services of CHC:
Care of routine and emergency cases in medicine and surgery
Maternal, newborn, and child health
Family planning
All the National Health Programme functions
Oral health
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR)
School and adolescent health services
Blood storage facility
Diagnostic services
Referral services
Maternal death review (MDR)

Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines