The third stage in the Motivation model of health education, following awareness and motivation, is action.
In the process of adopting new ideas or behaviours, individuals progress through distinct stages. The first stage, awareness, involves gaining general information about health needs and issues, which serves as the foundation for further exploration. Without awareness, individuals may not recognize the importance of Making changes to their health behaviours.

Passive immunization is not given in cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure. At present, there is no role for post- exposure prophylaxis with antivirals or immune globulin. The only method of preventing maternal CMV infection is by limiting exposure to the virus by maintaining good hand hygiene.
Passive immunization is a short-term measure useful only when exposure to infection has just occurred or is likely to occur within the next few days. The duration of immunity is short and variable (1-6 weeks).

The correct order for the process of communication is:
Sender Message Channel Receiver Feedback
The sender (communicator) is the originator of the message. A message is the information which the communicator transmits to his audience. Channel is the media of communication between the sender and the receiver (e.g., interpersonal communication, mass media, traditional or folk media). The audience who receives, understands, and acts upon the message is called the receiver. Feedback is the reaction to the message which flows from the receiver to the sender.

The Sanchol cholera vaccine is a bivalent vaccine given in 2 liquid doses orally to children >=1 year of age.
The Sanchol cholera vaccine is a bivalent oral cholera vaccine (OCV) that targets both Vibrio cholerae 01 and Vibrio cholerae 0139 serogroups, which are the primary causes of cholera outbreaks. It is designed to provide immunity by stimulating the production of antibodies in the intestines, the site of infection.

The Ujjawala Scheme is for the prevention of trafficking and for the rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration of victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.
The Ujjwala Yojana (note spelling without “a”) is for providing 5 crores of free cooking LPG connections to all families below the poverty line till 2019.
The Ujala Scheme (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs and Appliances for All) is the largest domestic lighting project in the world, launched under the Ministry of Power. It aims at promoting the use of energy-efficient LED bulbs in every household in the country.

For developing countries, HPI-1 is used, where the adult illiteracy rate is included, not the literacy rate.
HPI-2 is used for developed countries.
Human poverty index (HPI) measures deprivation in basic dimensions of human development.

Mass media is a method of communication for health education.
Approaches to health education include service approach, regulatory approach and health education approach.

Kit 1/Grey kit is recommended for the syndromic management of patients presenting with anorectal discharge.

Trained birth attendants or dais provide medical services during delivery and in the post-partum period. They cater to a population of 1000 in villages.
Antenatal support is provided by the following:
Health workers (male and female) – 1 per 5000 in plains and 1 per 3000 in hilly or remote areas.
• Health assistants (male and female) – 1 per 30,000 in plains and 1 per 20, 000 in remote or hilly areas. Anganwadi workers – 1 per 400-800 in plains and 1 per 300-800 in hilly or remote areas.

Increasing the utilization of health services is not a component of socialized medicine.
It refers to the provision of medical service through the state funds; however, it is operated and regulated by professional groups. Russia was the first to completely socialize medicine.
It eliminates competition among physicians as well as ensures social equity and universal health coverage.