According to the WHO, blindness is defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60.
The leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts
Distance vision impairment:
• Mild – visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18
• Moderate – visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 6/60
• Severe – visual acuity worse than 6/60 to 3/60
• Blindness – visual acuity worse than 3/60

Correct Answer – Comprehensiveness
Comprehensive health care as stated by the Bhore committee means giving integrated preventive, curative, and promotional health care to every individual, irrespective of their ability to pay.

The correct order for the process of communication is:
Sender Message Channel Receiver Feedback
The sender (communicator) is the originator of the message. A message is the information which the communicator transmits to his audience. Channel is the media of communication between the sender and the receiver (e.g., interpersonal communication, mass media, traditional or folk media). The audience who receives, understands, and acts upon the message is called the receiver. Feedback is the reaction to the message which flows from the receiver to the sender.

Each community (CHC) covers a population of 80,000 to 1,20,000 and has a minimum of 30 beds.
Services of CHC:
Care of routine and emergency cases in medicine and surgery
Maternal, newborn, and child health
Family planning
All the National Health Programme functions
Oral health
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR)
School and adolescent health services
Blood storage facility
Diagnostic services
Referral services
Maternal death review (MDR)

Passive immunization is not given in cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure. At present, there is no role for post- exposure prophylaxis with antivirals or immune globulin. The only method of preventing maternal CMV infection is by limiting exposure to the virus by maintaining good hand hygiene.
Passive immunization is a short-term measure useful only when exposure to infection has just occurred or is likely to occur within the next few days. The duration of immunity is short and variable (1-6 weeks).

Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines

Disability adjusted life years (DALY) is the best measure of the overall burden of a disease in a defined population. It is also the best measure of the effectiveness of interventions.
DALY is calculated as – Years of lost life prematurely (YLL) + Years lost to disability (YLD). It can measure both mortality and disability together.
As DALY is affected by premature loss of life, conditions that affect younger individuals like road traffic accidents have a high DALY. In comparison to this, Alzheimer’s disease has a lower DALY as it is a disease that mostly develops during old age and so has a lower YLL.

The third stage in the Motivation model of health education, following awareness and motivation, is action.
In the process of adopting new ideas or behaviours, individuals progress through distinct stages. The first stage, awareness, involves gaining general information about health needs and issues, which serves as the foundation for further exploration. Without awareness, individuals may not recognize the importance of Making changes to their health behaviours.

Under the Anemia Mukt Bharat scheme, lactating mothers of 0-6 month-old children are given a daily dose of 60 mg of elemental iron and 500 micrograms of folic acid, not a weekly dose.
Weekly iron and folic acid are given to women of reproductive age (non-pregnant, non-lactating), school- going adolescent girls and boys 10-19 years of age, and out-of-school adolescent girls 10-19 years of age.

Lifestyle is a behavioural and socio-cultural determinant of health. It is not a socio-economic determinant.
Socio-economic determinants of health are the following:
Economic status (per capita GNP)
Education
Occupation
Political system