The correct sequence of the phases of the demographic cycle is High stationary Early expanding → Late expanding → Low stationary → Declining.
India is currently in the “late expanding” stage which is the third stage in the demographic cycle where
Declining death rates and declining birth rates are seen.
Another important concept of the demographic cycle is the demographic gap which is the difference between birth rate and death rate. The demographic gap is maximum in the early-expanding phase, characterized by a high birth rate and low death rate. As the demography of the country transitions to the late-expanding phase, both birth rate and death rate falls causing a decreasing demographic gap. Although the birth rate is falling in the late-expanding phase, it is still higher than the death rate, which causes the population to increase.

Kit 1/Grey kit is recommended for the syndromic management of patients presenting with anorectal discharge.

According to the WHO, blindness is defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60.
The leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts
Distance vision impairment:
• Mild – visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18
• Moderate – visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 6/60
• Severe – visual acuity worse than 6/60 to 3/60
• Blindness – visual acuity worse than 3/60

Disability adjusted life years (DALY) is the best measure of the overall burden of a disease in a defined population. It is also the best measure of the effectiveness of interventions.
DALY is calculated as – Years of lost life prematurely (YLL) + Years lost to disability (YLD). It can measure both mortality and disability together.
As DALY is affected by premature loss of life, conditions that affect younger individuals like road traffic accidents have a high DALY. In comparison to this, Alzheimer’s disease has a lower DALY as it is a disease that mostly develops during old age and so has a lower YLL.

Each community (CHC) covers a population of 80,000 to 1,20,000 and has a minimum of 30 beds.
Services of CHC:
Care of routine and emergency cases in medicine and surgery
Maternal, newborn, and child health
Family planning
All the National Health Programme functions
Oral health
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR)
School and adolescent health services
Blood storage facility
Diagnostic services
Referral services
Maternal death review (MDR)

For developing countries, HPI-1 is used, where the adult illiteracy rate is included, not the literacy rate.
HPI-2 is used for developed countries.
Human poverty index (HPI) measures deprivation in basic dimensions of human development.

Correct Answer – Kata thermometer
Kata thermometer is used to measure the low air velocity rather than the cooling power of the air.
It was originally used to measure the cooling power of the air (air temperature, humidity, and air movement) but currently, it is used only as an anemometer to measure low air velocities.

Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines

Trained birth attendants or dais provide medical services during delivery and in the post-partum period. They cater to a population of 1000 in villages.
Antenatal support is provided by the following:
Health workers (male and female) – 1 per 5000 in plains and 1 per 3000 in hilly or remote areas.
• Health assistants (male and female) – 1 per 30,000 in plains and 1 per 20, 000 in remote or hilly areas. Anganwadi workers – 1 per 400-800 in plains and 1 per 300-800 in hilly or remote areas.

Lifestyle is a behavioural and socio-cultural determinant of health. It is not a socio-economic determinant.
Socio-economic determinants of health are the following:
Economic status (per capita GNP)
Education
Occupation
Political system