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QUIZ START
#1. What is the provision of preventive, curative, and promotional health services to every individual called?
Correct Answer – Comprehensiveness
Comprehensive health care as stated by the Bhore committee means giving integrated preventive, curative, and promotional health care to every individual, irrespective of their ability to pay.
#2. Which of the following is false about pyrethrum?
Pyrethrum does not have a residual action like DDT or other synthetic insecticides. So, most space sprays contain pyrethrum and DDT for synergistic action.
Pyrethrum is a natural insecticide of vegetable origin. It is extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariafolium. It kills adult mosquitoes and other insects instantly on mere contact.
#3. The image shown corresponds to which health program and disease?
The given image is of SAPANA for leprosy. Sapana refers to a local school-going girl who will help to spread awareness in the community.
#4. All of the following people will be given a weekly dose of 60 mg elemental iron and 500 micrograms folic acid under the Anemia-Mukt Bharat Scheme, except
Under the Anemia Mukt Bharat scheme, lactating mothers of 0-6 month-old children are given a daily dose of 60 mg of elemental iron and 500 micrograms of folic acid, not a weekly dose.
Weekly iron and folic acid are given to women of reproductive age (non-pregnant, non-lactating), school- going adolescent girls and boys 10-19 years of age, and out-of-school adolescent girls 10-19 years of age.
#5. Which of the following color-coded kits is recommended for the syndromic management of patients with anorectal discharge in sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Kit 1/Grey kit is recommended for the syndromic management of patients presenting with anorectal discharge.
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#6. During a screening camp at a village, a man was found to have severely impaired vision. According to the WHO definition of blindness, what is the cut-off for visual acuity to define it as blindness?
According to the WHO, blindness is defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60.
The leading causes of vision impairment and blindness are uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts
Distance vision impairment:
• Mild – visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18
• Moderate – visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 6/60
• Severe – visual acuity worse than 6/60 to 3/60
• Blindness – visual acuity worse than 3/60
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#7. Which of the following establishments is covered by the Employees’ State Insurance Act?
Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines
#8. Passive immunisation is not used in the prevention of disease caused by which of following viruses?
Passive immunization is not given in cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure. At present, there is no role for post- exposure prophylaxis with antivirals or immune globulin. The only method of preventing maternal CMV infection is by limiting exposure to the virus by maintaining good hand hygiene.
Passive immunization is a short-term measure useful only when exposure to infection has just occurred or is likely to occur within the next few days. The duration of immunity is short and variable (1-6 weeks).
#9. Which of the following are not involved in providing antenatal support to pregnant women?
Trained birth attendants or dais provide medical services during delivery and in the post-partum period. They cater to a population of 1000 in villages.
Antenatal support is provided by the following:
Health workers (male and female) – 1 per 5000 in plains and 1 per 3000 in hilly or remote areas.
• Health assistants (male and female) – 1 per 30,000 in plains and 1 per 20, 000 in remote or hilly areas. Anganwadi workers – 1 per 400-800 in plains and 1 per 300-800 in hilly or remote areas.
#10. Which of the following is not a socio-economic determinant of health?
Lifestyle is a behavioural and socio-cultural determinant of health. It is not a socio-economic determinant.
Socio-economic determinants of health are the following:
Economic status (per capita GNP)
Education
Occupation
Political system
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Levels of Prevention
Preventive medicine focuses on the three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention aims to reduce disease occurrence by promoting health (e.g., vaccinations, lifestyle modifications). Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, such as screenings for hypertension or diabetes. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and reducing the impact of established diseases, such as physiotherapy for stroke recovery. These strategies are the backbone of disease control and public health improvement.
Social Determinants of Health
Health is influenced by social determinants, including income, education, housing, and access to healthcare. These factors shape individual and community well-being. Addressing inequalities and improving these determinants can significantly enhance population health. For instance, ensuring clean water, sanitation, and proper nutrition reduces communicable diseases and improves life expectancy. Recognizing and mitigating these influences is crucial in preventive and social medicine.
