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#1. What is the correct order for the process of communication?
The correct order for the process of communication is:
Sender Message Channel Receiver Feedback
The sender (communicator) is the originator of the message. A message is the information which the communicator transmits to his audience. Channel is the media of communication between the sender and the receiver (e.g., interpersonal communication, mass media, traditional or folk media). The audience who receives, understands, and acts upon the message is called the receiver. Feedback is the reaction to the message which flows from the receiver to the sender.
#2. You are assigned to calculate the human poverty index (HPI) of a village in India. Which of the following parameters will you not include?
For developing countries, HPI-1 is used, where the adult illiteracy rate is included, not the literacy rate.
HPI-2 is used for developed countries.
Human poverty index (HPI) measures deprivation in basic dimensions of human development.
#3. Which parameter is used to measure the operational efficiency of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme?
The annual blood examination rate (ABER) is used to measure the operational efficiency of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP).
#4. A hospital collected nasopharyngeal swabs from 1000 patients every day from the onset of the disease. The organism count was found to be maximum on the 5th day, which also showed the maximum infectivity (infecting 825 patients). What is this period of 5 days from the onset of the disease known as?
The time interval between the receipt of infection by a host and the maximal infectivity of that host is known as the generation time.
The time of maximum communicability may precede or follow the incubation period.
#5. In the Motivation model of health education, there are three stages for the adoption of new ideas. What is the third one other than awareness & motivation?
The third stage in the Motivation model of health education, following awareness and motivation, is action.
In the process of adopting new ideas or behaviours, individuals progress through distinct stages. The first stage, awareness, involves gaining general information about health needs and issues, which serves as the foundation for further exploration. Without awareness, individuals may not recognize the importance of Making changes to their health behaviours.
#6. All of the following people will be given a weekly dose of 60 mg elemental iron and 500 micrograms folic acid under the Anemia-Mukt Bharat Scheme, except
Under the Anemia Mukt Bharat scheme, lactating mothers of 0-6 month-old children are given a daily dose of 60 mg of elemental iron and 500 micrograms of folic acid, not a weekly dose.
Weekly iron and folic acid are given to women of reproductive age (non-pregnant, non-lactating), school- going adolescent girls and boys 10-19 years of age, and out-of-school adolescent girls 10-19 years of age.
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#7. Which of the following establishments is covered by the Employeesโ State Insurance Act?
Currently, private medical and educational institutes employing >20 people are covered under the ESI Act.
The ESI Act is applicable to all industries except:
Defence
Railway
Mines
#8. All of the following are true about socialized medicine except:
Increasing the utilization of health services is not a component of socialized medicine.
It refers to the provision of medical service through the state funds; however, it is operated and regulated by professional groups. Russia was the first to completely socialize medicine.
It eliminates competition among physicians as well as ensures social equity and universal health coverage.
#9. Which of the following thermometers is used to measure the low air velocity rather than the cooling power of the air?
Correct Answer – Kata thermometer
Kata thermometer is used to measure the low air velocity rather than the cooling power of the air.
It was originally used to measure the cooling power of the air (air temperature, humidity, and air movement) but currently, it is used only as an anemometer to measure low air velocities.
#10. What is the provision of preventive, curative, and promotional health services to every individual called?
Correct Answer – Comprehensiveness
Comprehensive health care as stated by the Bhore committee means giving integrated preventive, curative, and promotional health care to every individual, irrespective of their ability to pay.
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Levels of Prevention
Preventive medicine focuses on the three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention aims to reduce disease occurrence by promoting health (e.g., vaccinations, lifestyle modifications). Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, such as screenings for hypertension or diabetes. Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation and reducing the impact of established diseases, such as physiotherapy for stroke recovery. These strategies are the backbone of disease control and public health improvement.
Social Determinants of Health
Health is influenced by social determinants, including income, education, housing, and access to healthcare. These factors shape individual and community well-being. Addressing inequalities and improving these determinants can significantly enhance population health. For instance, ensuring clean water, sanitation, and proper nutrition reduces communicable diseases and improves life expectancy. Recognizing and mitigating these influences is crucial in preventive and social medicine.